B) Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), found in fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and trout, are known to support brain function. These fats are important for the structure and function of brain cells. If you don’t consume fish regularly, consider omega-3 supplements.

C) Glucose.  Glucose is vital for the brain as it serves as the primary source of energy for brain cells. The body obtains glucose from various sources:

Dietary Carbohydrates: The most direct source of glucose is the carbohydrates you consume in your diet. Carbohydrates are broken down during digestion into sugars, including glucose. Common sources of dietary carbohydrates include grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and sugars.

Glycogen: Your body can store glucose in the form of glycogen in the liver and muscles. When blood sugar levels drop between meals or during physical activity, the body can break down glycogen into glucose to maintain stable blood sugar levels.

Gluconeogenesis: If glucose intake is insufficient or during periods of fasting, the body can produce glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis. In this process, non-carbohydrate compounds, such as amino acids from proteins and glycerol from fats, are converted into glucose.

Excess Sugar Storage: When you consume more glucose than your body needs for immediate energy, it can be stored as fat for future use. This fat can later be converted back into glucose if necessary.

The brain is highly dependent on a consistent supply of glucose to function optimally. It cannot store glucose like other organs, so it relies on a steady supply from the bloodstream. When blood sugar levels drop too low, it can lead to cognitive impairment, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, unconsciousness. Maintaining stable blood sugar levels through a balanced diet that includes complex carbohydrates and avoiding extreme fluctuations in blood sugar is essential for supporting brain health and cognitive function.  

: A) Blood-brain barrier. The brain is a highly sensitive organ, and it is protected by a selective barrier called the blood-brain barrier. This barrier regulates what substances can pass from the bloodstream into the brain. While some nutrients can pass through this barrier, not all molecules can do so easily. 

D) Mediteranean diet. The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, and fish, has been associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. It’s also high in healthy fats, such as monounsaturated fats. 

C) Berries, nuts, dark chocolate, leafy greens. Antioxidants are compounds that help protect your cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can harm your cells and contribute to various health problems. Many different foods are rich in antioxidants, and consuming a variety of them can be beneficial for your overall health. Polyphenols are compounds found in foods like blueberries, dark chocolate, and green tea. These compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can support brain health. 

C) Limit the consumption of sugars and highly processed foods because they have been stripped of their antioxidants during the manufacturing process.

C) Carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The proportion of macronutrients in your diet can vary depending on your individual goals, activity level, and dietary preferences. There’s no one-size-fits-all answer, but here are some general guidelines for a balanced macronutrient distribution:

Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates should typically make up about 45-65% of your daily caloric intake. This is the primary source of energy for most people. Choose complex carbohydrates like whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes for sustained energy and fiber.

Proteins: Protein intake should generally account for about 10-35% of your daily calories. Protein is essential for building and repairing tissues, and it can help with satiety. Good sources of protein include lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and plant-based sources like tofu and tempeh.

Fats: Dietary fat should make up around 20-35% of your daily caloric intake. Focus on healthy fats, such as monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats (including omega-3 fatty acids). Sources include avocados, nuts, seeds, fatty fish, and olive oil. Limit saturated and trans fats, which can have negative health effects.

Keep in mind that these are general guidelines, and the ideal macronutrient distribution may vary based on factors like age, sex, activity level, and specific health goals. Athletes and individuals with certain medical conditions may require different ratios.

Balancing macronutrients is important for overall health and can help you maintain energy, manage weight, and support various bodily functions. It’s also important to focus on the quality of the macronutrients you consume. For example, choose whole, unprocessed foods over refined or highly processed options.

If you have specific dietary goals or health concerns, it’s a good idea to consult with a registered dietitian or nutritionist. They can provide personalized recommendations based on your individual needs and preferences. Additionally, tracking your macronutrient intake and assessing its impact on your health and performance can be helpful in fine-tuning your diet to meet your goals. 

C) Drink alcohol in moderation.

C) Staying mentally and socially active, getting regular exercise, managing stress, and getting enough sleep.